Backport #36487 to 5.2/6.0, or document partial callback crash with robust=True

[Bona Fide IT GmbH]

This is a follow-up to ticket #36487, which fixed an issue where transaction.on_commit error logging fails when using functools.partial with robust=True.

The fix landed in Django 6.1, but we ran into this issue on Django 5.2 LTS, and I'd like to propose either a backport or a documentation fix for the stable/5.2.x and stable/6.0.x branches.

Currently in 5.2 and 6.0, robust=True does the opposite of what it promises for partial callbacks: the except clause that is supposed to swallow the error raises an AttributeError of its own ('functools.partial' object has no attribute '__qualname__'), turning a handled error into an unhandled one.

from functools import partial
from django.db import transaction

def boom(**kwargs):
    raise OSError("broker is down")

transaction.on_commit(partial(boom, pk=7), robust=True)
# AttributeError: 'functools.partial' object has no attribute '__qualname__'

This is particularly painful because it stays invisible until a failure actually happens in production, and the official 5.2/6.0 documentation explicitly recommends this exact combination.

The docs for on_commit() recommend:

"Callbacks will not be passed any arguments, but you can bind them with functools.partial()"

And for robust=True they promise:

"All errors derived from Python's Exception class are caught and logged..."

Because 5.2 is an LTS release supported until April 2028, readers following the documentation will continue to hit this crash. Therefore, I'd like to propose two options for the triage team to consider:

Option 1: Code Backport (Preferred)
Backport the 2-line fix from #36487 to stable/5.2.x and stable/6.0.x. I understand the strict backport policy for extended support LTS releases (security/data-loss only). However, because the current behavior crashes a natively documented feature and turns handled errors into unhandled exceptions, an exception might be warranted.

Option 2: Documentation Warning (Fallback)
If a code backport is rejected under the backport policy, I propose adding a warning block to the 5.2 and 6.0 documentation for on_commit. The warning would clarify that robust=True crashes with functools.partial in these versions, and suggest the workaround (using a closure or manually setting __qualname__ on the partial).

I am happy to prepare the patch for whichever option the team prefers!