ForeignKey to CompositePrimaryKey crashes.

[Mariusz Felisiak]

I've created a sample project that tries to create a foreign key to the table with CompositePrimaryKey:

class Release(models.Model):
    pk = models.CompositePrimaryKey("version", "name")
    version = models.IntegerField()
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)


class RefRelease(models.Model):
    release = models.ForeignKey("Release", models.CASCADE)

It doesn't work (because #35956 is not implemented):

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate test_one 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Release
--
CREATE TABLE "test_one_release" ("version" integer NOT NULL, "name" varchar(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ("version", "name"));
--
-- Create model RefRelease
--
CREATE TABLE "test_one_refrelease" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT);
CREATE INDEX "test_one_refrelease_release_id_f24095be" ON "test_one_refrelease" ("release_id");
COMMIT;

FOREIGN KEY has not been created in "test_one_refrelease":

$ python manage.py dbshell
sqlite> pragma table_info(test_one_refrelease);
0|id|INTEGER|1||1
sqlite> pragma table_info(test_one_release);
0|version|INTEGER|1||1
1|name|varchar(20)|1||2
sqlite>

and any attempt to create a new object crashes:

$ python manage.py shell
>>> from test_one.models import *
>>> r =  Release.objects.create(version=3, name="y")
>>> RefRelease.objects.create(release=r)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 105, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 360, in execute
    return super().execute(query, params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
sqlite3.OperationalError: table test_one_refrelease has no column named release_id

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 134, in debug_sql
    yield
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 122, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 79, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 92, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in _execute
    with self.db.wrap_database_errors:
  File "/django/django/db/utils.py", line 91, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 105, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 360, in execute
    return super().execute(query, params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
django.db.utils.OperationalError: table test_one_refrelease has no column named release_id

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/django/django/db/models/manager.py", line 87, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/query.py", line 663, in create
    obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)
  File "/django/django/db/models/base.py", line 901, in save
    self.save_base(
  File "/django/django/db/models/base.py", line 1007, in save_base
    updated = self._save_table(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/base.py", line 1170, in _save_table
    results = self._do_insert(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/base.py", line 1211, in _do_insert
    return manager._insert(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/manager.py", line 87, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/query.py", line 1849, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(returning_fields)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1891, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 121, in execute
    with self.debug_sql(sql, params, use_last_executed_query=True):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/contextlib.py", line 158, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(value)
  File "/django/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 139, in debug_sql
    sql = self.db.ops.last_executed_query(self.cursor, sql, params)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/sqlite3/operations.py", line 178, in last_executed_query
    params = self._quote_params_for_last_executed_query(params)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/django/django/db/backends/sqlite3/operations.py", line 167, in _quote_params_for_last_executed_query
    return cursor.execute(sql, params).fetchone()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
sqlite3.ProgrammingError: Error binding parameter 1: type 'tuple' is not supported

IMO, we should at least raise an error (system check) in such cases. For now, migrations are proceeding without any indication that anything went wrong.