Ticket #6447: ticket_6447_warnings.diff

django/core/cache/__init__.py

@@ -18 +18 @@
 from cgi import parse_qsl
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core import signals
-from django.core.cache.backends.base import InvalidCacheBackendError
+from django.core.cache.backends.base import InvalidCacheBackendError, CacheKeyWarning
 from django.utils import importlib
 
 # Name for use in settings file --> name of module in "backends" directory.

django/core/cache/backends/base.py

@@ -1 +1 @@
 "Base Cache class."
 
+import warnings
+
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.core.warnings import DjangoRuntimeWarning
 
 class InvalidCacheBackendError(ImproperlyConfigured):
     pass
 
+class CacheKeyWarning(DjangoRuntimeWarning):
+    pass
+
+# memcached does not accept keys longer than 250 characters
+MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 250
+
 class BaseCache(object):
     def __init__(self, params):
         timeout = params.get('timeout', 300)
@@ -116 +125 @@
     def clear(self):
         """Remove *all* values from the cache at once."""
         raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def validate_key(self, key):
+        """
+        Warn about keys that would not be portable to the memcached
+        backend. This encourages (but does not force) writing backend-portable
+        cache code.
+
+        """
+        if len(key) > MAX_KEY_LENGTH:
+            warnings.warn('Cache key is too long for memcached, and '
+                          'will cause errors if used with memcached backend.'
+                          ' (Max length %s)' % MAX_KEY_LENGTH,
+                          CacheKeyWarning)
+        for char in key:
+            if ord(char) < 33 or ord(char) == 127:
+                warnings.warn('Cache key contains control character, and '
+                              'will cause errors if used with memcached backend.',
+                              CacheKeyWarning)
+

django/core/cache/backends/db.py

@@ -46 +46 @@
             self._cull_frequency = 3
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         db = router.db_for_read(self.cache_model_class)
         table = connections[db].ops.quote_name(self._table)
         cursor = connections[db].cursor()
@@ -65 +66 @@
         return pickle.loads(base64.decodestring(value))
 
     def set(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._base_set('set', key, value, timeout)
 
     def add(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         return self._base_set('add', key, value, timeout)
 
     def _base_set(self, mode, key, value, timeout=None):
@@ -103 +106 @@
             return True
 
     def delete(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         db = router.db_for_write(self.cache_model_class)
         table = connections[db].ops.quote_name(self._table)
         cursor = connections[db].cursor()
@@ -111 +115 @@
         transaction.commit_unless_managed(using=db)
 
     def has_key(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         db = router.db_for_read(self.cache_model_class)
         table = connections[db].ops.quote_name(self._table)
         cursor = connections[db].cursor()

django/core/cache/backends/dummy.py

@@ -6 +6 @@
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         pass
 
-    def add(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def add(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         return True
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         return default
 
-    def set(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        pass
+    def set(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.validate_key(key)
 
-    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        pass
+    def delete(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.validate_key(key)
 
     def get_many(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return {}
 
-    def has_key(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def has_key(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         return False
 
     def set_many(self, *args, **kwargs):

django/core/cache/backends/filebased.py

@@ -32 +32 @@
             self._createdir()
 
     def add(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         if self.has_key(key):
             return False
 
@@ -39 +40 @@
         return True
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         fname = self._key_to_file(key)
         try:
             f = open(fname, 'rb')
@@ -56 +58 @@
         return default
 
     def set(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         fname = self._key_to_file(key)
         dirname = os.path.dirname(fname)
 
@@ -79 +82 @@
             pass
 
     def delete(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         try:
             self._delete(self._key_to_file(key))
         except (IOError, OSError):
@@ -95 +99 @@
             pass
 
     def has_key(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         fname = self._key_to_file(key)
         try:
             f = open(fname, 'rb')

django/core/cache/backends/locmem.py

@@ -30 +30 @@
         self._lock = RWLock()
 
     def add(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._lock.writer_enters()
         try:
             exp = self._expire_info.get(key)
@@ -44 +45 @@
             self._lock.writer_leaves()
 
     def get(self, key, default=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._lock.reader_enters()
         try:
             exp = self._expire_info.get(key)
@@ -76 +78 @@
         self._expire_info[key] = time.time() + timeout
 
     def set(self, key, value, timeout=None):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._lock.writer_enters()
         # Python 2.4 doesn't allow combined try-except-finally blocks.
         try:
@@ -87 +90 @@
             self._lock.writer_leaves()
 
     def has_key(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._lock.reader_enters()
         try:
             exp = self._expire_info.get(key)
@@ -127 +131 @@
             pass
 
     def delete(self, key):
+        self.validate_key(key)
         self._lock.writer_enters()
         try:
             self._delete(key)

new file django/core/warnings.py

@@ +1 @@
+"Global Django warnings"
+
+class DjangoRuntimeWarning(RuntimeWarning):
+    pass

docs/topics/cache.txt

@@ -641 +641 @@
     However, if the backend doesn't natively provide an increment/decrement
     operation, it will be implemented using a two-step retrieve/update.
 
+Cache key warnings
+------------------
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.3
+
+Memcached, the most commonly-used production cache backend, does not allow
+cache keys longer than 250 characters or containing whitespace or control
+characters, and using such keys will cause an exception. To encourage
+cache-portable code and minimize unpleasant surprises, the other built-in cache
+backends issue a warning (``django.core.cache.backends.base.CacheKeyWarning``)
+if a key is used that would cause an error on memcached.
+
+If you are using a production backend that can accept a wider range of keys (a
+custom backend, or one of the non-memcached built-in backends), and want to use
+this wider range without warnings, you can silence ``CacheKeyWarning`` with
+this code in the ``management`` module of one of your
+:setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`::
+
+     import warnings
+
+     from django.core.cache import CacheKeyWarning
+
+     warnings.simplefilter("ignore", CacheKeyWarning)
+
+If you want to instead provide custom key validation logic for one of the
+built-in backends, you can subclass it, override just the ``validate_key``
+method, and follow the instructions for `using a custom cache backend`_. For
+instance, to do this for the ``locmem`` backend, put this code in a module::
+
+    from django.core.cache.backends.locmem import CacheClass as LocMemCacheClass
+
+    class CacheClass(LiberalKeyValidationMixin, LocMemCacheClass):
+        def validate_key(self, key):
+            # do custom validation, raising an exception or a warning, 
+            # depending on your preference
+
+And use the dotted Python path to this module as the scheme portion of your
+:setting:`CACHE_BACKEND`.
+
 Upstream caches
 ===============
 

new file tests/regressiontests/cache/liberal_backend.py

@@ +1 @@
+from django.core.cache.backends.locmem import CacheClass as LocMemCacheClass
+
+class LiberalKeyValidationMixin(object):
+    def validate_key(self, key):
+        pass
+
+class CacheClass(LiberalKeyValidationMixin, LocMemCacheClass):
+    pass
+

tests/regressiontests/cache/tests.py

@@ -8 +8 @@
 import tempfile
 import time
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.core import management
 from django.core.cache import get_cache
-from django.core.cache.backends.base import InvalidCacheBackendError
+from django.core.cache.backends.base import InvalidCacheBackendError, CacheKeyWarning
 from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpRequest
 from django.middleware.cache import FetchFromCacheMiddleware, UpdateCacheMiddleware
 from django.utils import translation
@@ -366 +367 @@
                 count = count + 1
         self.assertEqual(count, final_count)
 
+    def test_invalid_keys(self):
+        """
+        All the builtin backends (except memcached, see below) should warn on
+        keys that would be refused by memcached. This encourages portable
+        caching code without making it too difficult to use production backends
+        with more liberal key rules. Refs #6447.
+
+        """
+        # On Python 2.6+ we could use the catch_warnings context
+        # manager to test this warning nicely. Since we can't do that
+        # yet, the cleanest option is to temporarily ask for
+        # CacheKeyWarning to be raised as an exception.
+        warnings.simplefilter("error", CacheKeyWarning)
+
+        # memcached does not allow whitespace or control characters in keys
+        self.assertRaises(CacheKeyWarning, self.cache.set, 'key with spaces', 'value')
+        # memcached limits key length to 250
+        self.assertRaises(CacheKeyWarning, self.cache.set, 'a' * 251, 'value')
+
+        # The warnings module has no public API for getting the
+        # current list of warning filters, so we can't save that off
+        # and reset to the previous value, we have to globally reset
+        # it. The effect will be the same, as long as the Django test
+        # runner doesn't add any global warning filters (it currently
+        # does not).
+        warnings.resetwarnings()
+
 class DBCacheTests(unittest.TestCase, BaseCacheTests):
     def setUp(self):
         # Spaces are used in the table name to ensure quoting/escaping is working
@@ -397 +425 @@
         def setUp(self):
             self.cache = get_cache(settings.CACHE_BACKEND)
 
+        def test_invalid_keys(self):
+            """
+            On memcached, we don't introduce a duplicate key validation
+            step (for speed reasons), we just let the memcached API
+            library raise its own exception on bad keys. Refs #6447.
+
+            In order to be memcached-API-library agnostic, we only assert
+            that a generic exception of some kind is raised.
+
+            """
+            # memcached does not allow whitespace or control characters in keys
+            self.assertRaises(Exception, self.cache.set, 'key with spaces', 'value')
+            # memcached limits key length to 250
+            self.assertRaises(Exception, self.cache.set, 'a' * 251, 'value')
+
+
 class FileBasedCacheTests(unittest.TestCase, BaseCacheTests):
     """
     Specific test cases for the file-based cache.
@@ -429 +473 @@
     def test_cull(self):
         self.perform_cull_test(50, 28)
 
+class CustomCacheKeyValidationTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Tests for the ability to mixin a custom ``validate_key`` method to
+    a custom cache backend that otherwise inherits from a builtin
+    backend, and override the default key validation. Refs #6447.
+
+    """
+    def test_custom_key_validation(self):
+        cache = get_cache('regressiontests.cache.liberal_backend://')
+
+        # this key is both longer than 250 characters, and has spaces
+        key = 'some key with spaces' * 15
+        val = 'a value'
+        cache.set(key, val)
+        self.assertEqual(cache.get(key), val)
+
 class CacheUtils(unittest.TestCase):
     """TestCase for django.utils.cache functions."""