Ticket #6095: 6095-nfadmin.3.diff

File 6095-nfadmin.3.diff, 26.7 KB (added by Brian Rosner, 17 years ago)

updated to r7500 of nfa

  • AUTHORS 

    diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
index fe4755b..6622871 100644
    a b answer newbie questions, and generally made Django that much better:  
    144144    Afonso Fernández Nogueira <fonzzo.django@gmail.com>
    145145    Matthew Flanagan <http://wadofstuff.blogspot.com>
    146146    Eric Floehr <eric@intellovations.com>
     147    Eric Florenzano <floguy@gmail.com>
    147148    Vincent Foley <vfoleybourgon@yahoo.ca>
    148149    Rudolph Froger <rfroger@estrate.nl>
    149150    Jorge Gajon <gajon@gajon.org>

  • django/contrib/admin/options.py 

    diff --git a/django/contrib/admin/options.py b/django/contrib/admin/options.py
index 29ce10a..671278c 100644
    a b class BaseModelAdmin(object):  
    174174                kwargs['widget'] = widgets.ForeignKeyRawIdWidget(db_field.rel)
    175175            else:
    176176                if isinstance(db_field, models.ManyToManyField):
    177                     if db_field.name in self.raw_id_fields:
     177                    # If it uses an intermediary model, don't show field in admin.
     178                    if db_field.rel.through != None:
     179                        return None
     180                    elif db_field.name in self.raw_id_fields:
    178181                        kwargs['widget'] = widgets.ManyToManyRawIdWidget(db_field.rel)
    179182                        kwargs['help_text'] = ''
    180183                    elif db_field.name in (self.filter_vertical + self.filter_horizontal):

  • django/core/management/sql.py 

    diff --git a/django/core/management/sql.py b/django/core/management/sql.py
index 1ccb100..c3279c1 100644
    a b def many_to_many_sql_for_model(model, style):  
    354354    qn = connection.ops.quote_name
    355355    inline_references = connection.features.inline_fk_references
    356356    for f in opts.local_many_to_many:
    357         if not isinstance(f.rel, generic.GenericRel):
     357        if not isinstance(f.rel, generic.GenericRel) and f.creates_table:
    358358            tablespace = f.db_tablespace or opts.db_tablespace
    359359            if tablespace and connection.features.supports_tablespaces and connection.features.autoindexes_primary_keys:
    360360                tablespace_sql = ' ' + connection.ops.tablespace_sql(tablespace, inline=True)

  • django/core/management/validation.py 

    diff --git a/django/core/management/validation.py b/django/core/management/validation.py
index 45dc899..693bf65 100644
    a b def get_validation_errors(outfile, app=None):  
    102102                        if r.get_accessor_name() == rel_query_name:
    103103                            e.add(opts, "Reverse query name for field '%s' clashes with related field '%s.%s'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for '%s'." % (f.name, rel_opts.object_name, r.get_accessor_name(), f.name))
    104104
     105        seen_intermediary_signatures = []
    105106        for i, f in enumerate(opts.local_many_to_many):
    106107            # Check to see if the related m2m field will clash with any
    107108            # existing fields, m2m fields, m2m related objects or related
    … … def get_validation_errors(outfile, app=None):  
    112113                # so skip the next section
    113114                if isinstance(f.rel.to, (str, unicode)):
    114115                    continue
     116            if hasattr(f.rel, 'through') and f.rel.through != None:
     117                intermediary_model = None
     118                for model in models.get_models():
     119                    if model._meta.module_name == f.rel.through.lower():
     120                        intermediary_model = model
     121                if intermediary_model == None:
     122                    e.add(opts, "%s has a manually-defined m2m relationship through a model (%s) which does not exist." % (f.name, f.rel.through))
     123                else:
     124                    signature = (f.rel.to, cls, intermediary_model)
     125                    if signature in seen_intermediary_signatures:
     126                        e.add(opts, "%s has two manually-defined m2m relationships through the same model (%s), which is not possible.  Please use a field on your intermediary model instead." % (cls._meta.object_name, intermediary_model._meta.object_name))
     127                    else:
     128                        seen_intermediary_signatures.append(signature)
     129                    seen_related_fk, seen_this_fk = False, False
     130                    for field in intermediary_model._meta.fields:
     131                        if field.rel:
     132                            if field.rel.to == f.rel.to:
     133                                seen_related_fk = True
     134                            elif field.rel.to == cls:
     135                                seen_this_fk = True
     136                    if not seen_related_fk or not seen_this_fk:
     137                        e.add(opts, "%s has a manually-defined m2m relationship through a model (%s) which does not have foreign keys to %s and %s" % (f.name, f.rel.through, f.rel.to._meta.object_name, cls._meta.object_name))
    115138
    116139            rel_opts = f.rel.to._meta
    117140            rel_name = RelatedObject(f.rel.to, cls, f).get_accessor_name()

  • django/db/models/fields/related.py 

    diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/related.py b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
index 0278081..ec2ca03 100644
    a b class ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):  
    310310            manager.clear()
    311311        manager.add(*value)
    312312
    313 def create_many_related_manager(superclass):
     313def create_many_related_manager(superclass, through=False):
    314314    """Creates a manager that subclasses 'superclass' (which is a Manager)
    315315    and adds behavior for many-to-many related objects."""
    316316    class ManyRelatedManager(superclass):
    … … def create_many_related_manager(superclass):  
    324324            self.join_table = join_table
    325325            self.source_col_name = source_col_name
    326326            self.target_col_name = target_col_name
     327            self.through = through
    327328            self._pk_val = self.instance._get_pk_val()
    328329            if self._pk_val is None:
    329330                raise ValueError("%r instance needs to have a primary key value before a many-to-many relationship can be used." % model)
    … … def create_many_related_manager(superclass):  
    333334
    334335        def add(self, *objs):
    335336            self._add_items(self.source_col_name, self.target_col_name, *objs)
    336 
    337337            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, add the mirror entry in the m2m table
    338338            if self.symmetrical:
    339339                self._add_items(self.target_col_name, self.source_col_name, *objs)
    340340        add.alters_data = True
    341 
     341   
    342342        def remove(self, *objs):
    343343            self._remove_items(self.source_col_name, self.target_col_name, *objs)
    344 
    345344            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, remove the mirror entry in the m2m table
    346345            if self.symmetrical:
    347346                self._remove_items(self.target_col_name, self.source_col_name, *objs)
    … … def create_many_related_manager(superclass):  
    356355        clear.alters_data = True
    357356
    358357        def create(self, **kwargs):
     358            if through:
     359                raise AttributeError, "'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'create'"
    359360            new_obj = self.model(**kwargs)
    360361            new_obj.save()
    361362            self.add(new_obj)
    … … def create_many_related_manager(superclass):  
    423424                [self._pk_val])
    424425            transaction.commit_unless_managed()
    425426
     427    # If it's an intermediary model, detach the add, remove, and create methods
     428    # from this ManyRelatedManager.
     429    if through:
     430        del ManyRelatedManager.add
     431        del ManyRelatedManager.remove
     432
    426433    return ManyRelatedManager
    427434
    428435class ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):
    … … class ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):  
    443450        # model's default manager.
    444451        rel_model = self.related.model
    445452        superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__
    446         RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass)
     453        RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass, self.related.field.rel.through)
    447454
    448455        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
    449456        manager = RelatedManager(
    … … class ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):  
    462469        if instance is None:
    463470            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"
    464471
     472        through = getattr(self.related.field.rel, 'through', None)
     473        if through:
     474            raise AttributeError, "Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies a through model.  Use %s's Manager instead." % through
     475       
    465476        manager = self.__get__(instance)
    466477        manager.clear()
    467478        manager.add(*value)
    … … class ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):  
    484495        # model's default manager.
    485496        rel_model=self.field.rel.to
    486497        superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__
    487         RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass)
     498        RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass, self.field.rel.through)
    488499
    489500        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
    490501        manager = RelatedManager(
    … … class ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):  
    503514        if instance is None:
    504515            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"
    505516
     517        through = getattr(self.field.rel, 'through', None)
     518        if through:
     519            raise AttributeError, "Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies a through model.  Use %s's Manager instead." % through
     520
    506521        manager = self.__get__(instance)
    507522        manager.clear()
    508523        manager.add(*value)
    … … class OneToOneRel(ManyToOneRel):  
    554569
    555570class ManyToManyRel(object):
    556571    def __init__(self, to, num_in_admin=0, related_name=None,
    557         limit_choices_to=None, symmetrical=True):
     572        limit_choices_to=None, symmetrical=True, through=None):
    558573        self.to = to
    559574        self.num_in_admin = num_in_admin
    560575        self.related_name = related_name
    … … class ManyToManyRel(object):  
    564579        self.edit_inline = False
    565580        self.symmetrical = symmetrical
    566581        self.multiple = True
     582        self.through = through
    567583
    568584class ForeignKey(RelatedField, Field):
    569585    empty_strings_allowed = False
    … … class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field):  
    695711            num_in_admin=kwargs.pop('num_in_admin', 0),
    696712            related_name=kwargs.pop('related_name', None),
    697713            limit_choices_to=kwargs.pop('limit_choices_to', None),
    698             symmetrical=kwargs.pop('symmetrical', True))
     714            symmetrical=kwargs.pop('symmetrical', True),
     715            through=kwargs.pop('through', None))
    699716        self.db_table = kwargs.pop('db_table', None)
     717        if kwargs['rel'].through:
     718            self.creates_table = False
     719            assert not self.db_table, "Cannot specify a db_table if an intermediary model is used."
     720        else:
     721            self.creates_table = True
    700722        Field.__init__(self, **kwargs)
    701723
    702724        msg = ugettext_lazy('Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.')
    … … class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field):  
    711733
    712734    def _get_m2m_db_table(self, opts):
    713735        "Function that can be curried to provide the m2m table name for this relation"
    714         if self.db_table:
     736        if self.rel.through != None:
     737            return get_model(opts.app_label, self.rel.through)._meta.db_table
     738        elif self.db_table:
    715739            return self.db_table
    716740        else:
    717741            return '%s_%s' % (opts.db_table, self.name)
    … … class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field):  
    719743    def _get_m2m_column_name(self, related):
    720744        "Function that can be curried to provide the source column name for the m2m table"
    721745        # If this is an m2m relation to self, avoid the inevitable name clash
    722         if related.model == related.parent_model:
     746        if self.rel.through != None:
     747            field = related.model._meta.get_related_object(self.rel.through).field
     748            attname, column = field.get_attname_column()
     749            return column
     750        elif related.model == related.parent_model:
    723751            return 'from_' + related.model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'
    724752        else:
    725753            return related.model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'
    … … class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field):  
    727755    def _get_m2m_reverse_name(self, related):
    728756        "Function that can be curried to provide the related column name for the m2m table"
    729757        # If this is an m2m relation to self, avoid the inevitable name clash
    730         if related.model == related.parent_model:
     758        if self.rel.through != None:
     759            field = related.parent_model._meta.get_related_object(self.rel.through).field
     760            attname, column = field.get_attname_column()
     761            return column
     762        elif related.model == related.parent_model:
    731763            return 'to_' + related.parent_model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'
    732764        else:
    733765            return related.parent_model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'

  • django/db/models/options.py 

    diff --git a/django/db/models/options.py b/django/db/models/options.py
index 3948a5f..02c75b1 100644
    a b from django.db.models.related import RelatedObject  
    1010from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyRel
    1111from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, FieldDoesNotExist
    1212from django.db.models.fields.proxy import OrderWrt
    13 from django.db.models.loading import get_models, app_cache_ready
     13from django.db.models.loading import get_models, get_model, app_cache_ready
    1414from django.utils.translation import activate, deactivate_all, get_language, string_concat
    1515from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode, smart_str
    1616from django.utils.datastructures import SortedDict
    … … class Options(object):  
    373373            follow = self.get_follow()
    374374        return [f for f in self.get_all_related_objects() if follow.get(f.name, None)]
    375375
     376    def get_related_object(self, from_model):
     377        "Gets the RelatedObject which links from from_model to this model."
     378        if isinstance(from_model, str):
     379            from_model = get_model(self.app_label, from_model)
     380        for related_object in self.get_all_related_objects():
     381            if related_object.model == from_model:
     382                return related_object
     383        return None
     384
    376385    def get_data_holders(self, follow=None):
    377386        if follow == None:
    378387            follow = self.get_follow()

  • tests/modeltests/invalid_models/models.py 

    diff --git a/tests/modeltests/invalid_models/models.py b/tests/modeltests/invalid_models/models.py
index 48e574a..ba74c4a 100644
    a b class Car(models.Model):  
    110110class MissingRelations(models.Model):
    111111    rel1 = models.ForeignKey("Rel1")
    112112    rel2 = models.ManyToManyField("Rel2")
     113   
     114class MissingManualM2MModel(models.Model):
     115    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     116    missing_m2m = models.ManyToManyField(Model, through="MissingM2MModel")
     117   
     118class Person(models.Model):
     119    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     120
     121class Group(models.Model):
     122    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     123    primary = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through="Membership", related_name="primary")
     124    secondary = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through="Membership", related_name="secondary")
     125
     126class GroupTwo(models.Model):
     127    name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     128    primary = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through="Membership")
     129    secondary = models.ManyToManyField(Group, through="MembershipMissingFK")
     130
     131class Membership(models.Model):
     132    person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
     133    group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
     134    not_default_or_null = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     135
     136class MembershipMissingFK(models.Model):
     137    person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
    113138
    114139model_errors = """invalid_models.fielderrors: "charfield": CharFields require a "max_length" attribute.
    115140invalid_models.fielderrors: "decimalfield": DecimalFields require a "decimal_places" attribute.
    … … invalid_models.selfclashm2m: Reverse query name for m2m field 'm2m_3' clashes wi  
    195220invalid_models.selfclashm2m: Reverse query name for m2m field 'm2m_4' clashes with field 'SelfClashM2M.selfclashm2m'. Add a related_name argument to the definition for 'm2m_4'.
    196221invalid_models.missingrelations: 'rel2' has m2m relation with model Rel2, which has not been installed
    197222invalid_models.missingrelations: 'rel1' has relation with model Rel1, which has not been installed
     223invalid_models.group: Group has two manually-defined m2m relationships through the same model (Membership), which is not possible.  Please use a field on your intermediary model instead.
     224invalid_models.missingmanualm2mmodel: missing_m2m has a manually-defined m2m relationship through a model (MissingM2MModel) which does not exist.
     225invalid_models.grouptwo: primary has a manually-defined m2m relationship through a model (Membership) which does not have foreign keys to Person and GroupTwo
     226invalid_models.grouptwo: secondary has a manually-defined m2m relationship through a model (MembershipMissingFK) which does not have foreign keys to Group and GroupTwo
    198227"""

  • new file tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/__init__.py 

    diff --git a/tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/__init__.py b/tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
    - +  
     1

  • new file tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/models.py 

    diff --git a/tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/models.py b/tests/modeltests/m2m_manual/models.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01764e3
    - +  
     1from django.db import models
     2from datetime import datetime
     3
     4# M2M described on one of the models
     5class Person(models.Model):
     6    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
     7
     8    def __unicode__(self):
     9        return self.name
     10
     11class Group(models.Model):
     12    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
     13    members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
     14    custom_members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='CustomMembership', related_name="custom")
     15    nodefaultsnonulls = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='TestNoDefaultsOrNulls', related_name="testnodefaultsnonulls")
     16   
     17    def __unicode__(self):
     18        return self.name
     19
     20class Membership(models.Model):
     21    person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
     22    group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
     23    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
     24    invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True)
     25   
     26    def __unicode__(self):
     27        return "%s is a member of %s" % (self.person.name, self.group.name)
     28
     29class CustomMembership(models.Model):
     30    person = models.ForeignKey(Person, db_column="custom_person_column", related_name="custom_person_related_name")
     31    group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
     32    weird_fk = models.ForeignKey(Membership, null=True)
     33    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
     34   
     35    def __unicode__(self):
     36        return "%s is a member of %s" % (self.person.name, self.group.name)
     37   
     38    class Meta:
     39        db_table = "test_table"
     40
     41class TestNoDefaultsOrNulls(models.Model):
     42    person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
     43    group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
     44    nodefaultnonull = models.CharField(max_length=5)
     45
     46__test__ = {'API_TESTS':"""
     47>>> from datetime import datetime
     48
     49### Creation and Saving Tests ###
     50
     51>>> bob = Person.objects.create(name = 'Bob')
     52>>> jim = Person.objects.create(name = 'Jim')
     53>>> jane = Person.objects.create(name = 'Jane')
     54>>> rock = Group.objects.create(name = 'Rock')
     55>>> roll = Group.objects.create(name = 'Roll')
     56
     57# We start out by making sure that the Group 'rock' has no members.
     58>>> rock.members.all()
     59[]
     60
     61# To make Jim a member of Group Rock, simply create a Membership object.
     62>>> m1 = Membership.objects.create(person = jim, group = rock)
     63
     64# We can do the same for Jane and Rock.
     65>>> m2 = Membership.objects.create(person = jane, group = rock)
     66
     67# Let's check to make sure that it worked.  Jane and Jim should be members of Rock.
     68>>> rock.members.all()
     69[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     70
     71# Now we can add a bunch more Membership objects to test with.
     72>>> m3 = Membership.objects.create(person = bob, group = roll)
     73>>> m4 = Membership.objects.create(person = jim, group = roll)
     74>>> m5 = Membership.objects.create(person = jane, group = roll)
     75
     76# We can get Jim's Group membership as with any ForeignKey.
     77>>> jim.group_set.all()
     78[<Group: Rock>, <Group: Roll>]
     79
     80# Querying the intermediary model works like normal. 
     81# In this case we get Jane's membership to Rock.
     82>>> m = Membership.objects.get(person = jane, group = rock)
     83>>> m
     84<Membership: Jane is a member of Rock>
     85
     86# Now we set some date_joined dates for further testing.
     87>>> m2.invite_reason = "She was just awesome."
     88>>> m2.date_joined = datetime(2006, 1, 1)
     89>>> m2.save()
     90
     91>>> m5.date_joined = datetime(2004, 1, 1)
     92>>> m5.save()
     93
     94>>> m3.date_joined = datetime(2004, 1, 1)
     95>>> m3.save()
     96
     97# It's not only get that works.  Filter works like normal as well.
     98>>> Membership.objects.filter(person = jim)
     99[<Membership: Jim is a member of Rock>, <Membership: Jim is a member of Roll>]
     100
     101
     102### Forward Descriptors Tests ###
     103
     104# Due to complications with adding via an intermediary model, the add method is
     105# not provided.
     106>>> rock.members.add(bob)
     107Traceback (most recent call last):
     108...
     109AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'add'
     110
     111>>> rock.members.create(name = 'Anne')
     112Traceback (most recent call last):
     113...
     114AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'create'
     115
     116# Remove has similar complications, and is not provided either.
     117>>> rock.members.remove(jim)
     118Traceback (most recent call last):
     119...
     120AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'remove'
     121
     122# Here we back up the list of all members of Rock.
     123>>> backup = list(rock.members.all())
     124
     125# ...and we verify that it has worked.
     126>>> backup
     127[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     128
     129# The clear function should still work.
     130>>> rock.members.clear()
     131
     132# Now there will be no members of Rock.
     133>>> rock.members.all()
     134[]
     135
     136# Assignment should not work with models specifying a through model for many of
     137# the same reasons as adding.
     138>>> rock.members = backup
     139Traceback (most recent call last):
     140...
     141AttributeError: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies a through model.  Use Membership's Manager instead.
     142
     143# Let's re-save those instances that we've cleared.
     144>>> m1.save()
     145>>> m2.save()
     146
     147# Verifying that those instances were re-saved successfully.
     148>>> rock.members.all()
     149[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     150
     151
     152### Reverse Descriptors Tests ###
     153
     154# Due to complications with adding via an intermediary model, the add method is
     155# not provided.
     156>>> bob.group_set.add(rock)
     157Traceback (most recent call last):
     158...
     159AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'add'
     160
     161# Create is another method that should not work correctly, as it suffers from
     162# the same problems as add.
     163>>> bob.group_set.create(name = 'Funk')
     164Traceback (most recent call last):
     165...
     166AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'create'
     167
     168# Remove has similar complications, and is not provided either.
     169>>> jim.group_set.remove(rock)
     170Traceback (most recent call last):
     171...
     172AttributeError: 'ManyRelatedManager' object has no attribute 'remove'
     173
     174# Here we back up the list of all of Jim's groups.
     175>>> backup = list(jim.group_set.all())
     176>>> backup
     177[<Group: Rock>, <Group: Roll>]
     178
     179# The clear function should still work.
     180>>> jim.group_set.clear()
     181
     182# Now Jim will be in no groups.
     183>>> jim.group_set.all()
     184[]
     185
     186# Assignment should not work with models specifying a through model for many of
     187# the same reasons as adding.
     188>>> jim.group_set = backup
     189Traceback (most recent call last):
     190...
     191AttributeError: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies a through model.  Use Membership's Manager instead.
     192
     193# Let's re-save those instances that we've cleared.
     194>>> m1.save()
     195>>> m4.save()
     196
     197# Verifying that those instances were re-saved successfully.
     198>>> jim.group_set.all()
     199[<Group: Rock>, <Group: Roll>]
     200
     201### Custom Tests ###
     202
     203# Let's see if we can query through our second relationship.
     204>>> rock.custom_members.all()
     205[]
     206
     207# We can query in the opposite direction as well.
     208>>> bob.custom.all()
     209[]
     210
     211# Let's create some membership objects in this custom relationship.
     212>>> cm1 = CustomMembership.objects.create(person = bob, group = rock)
     213>>> cm2 = CustomMembership.objects.create(person = jim, group = rock)
     214
     215# If we get the number of people in Rock, it should be both Bob and Jim.
     216>>> rock.custom_members.all()
     217[<Person: Bob>, <Person: Jim>]
     218
     219# Bob should only be in one custom group.
     220>>> bob.custom.all()
     221[<Group: Rock>]
     222
     223# Let's make sure our new descriptors don't conflict with the FK related_name.
     224>>> bob.custom_person_related_name.all()
     225[<CustomMembership: Bob is a member of Rock>]
     226
     227### QUERY TESTS ###
     228
     229# We can query for the related model by using its attribute name (members, in
     230# this case).
     231>>> Group.objects.filter(members__name='Bob')
     232[<Group: Roll>]
     233
     234# To query through the intermediary model, we specify its model name.
     235# In this case, membership.
     236>>> Group.objects.filter(membership__invite_reason = "She was just awesome.")
     237[<Group: Rock>]
     238
     239# If we want to query in the reverse direction by the related model, use its
     240# model name (group, in this case).
     241>>> Person.objects.filter(group__name="Rock")
     242[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     243
     244# If the m2m field has specified a related_name, using that will work.
     245>>> Person.objects.filter(custom__name="Rock")
     246[<Person: Bob>, <Person: Jim>]
     247
     248# To query through the intermediary model in the reverse direction, we again
     249# specify its model name (membership, in this case).
     250>>> Person.objects.filter(membership__invite_reason = "She was just awesome.")
     251[<Person: Jane>]
     252
     253# Let's see all of the groups that Jane joined after 1 Jan 2005:
     254>>> Group.objects.filter(membership__date_joined__gt = datetime(2005, 1, 1),
     255... membership__person = jane)
     256[<Group: Rock>]
     257
     258# Queries also work in the reverse direction: Now let's see all of the people
     259# that have joined Rock since 1 Jan 2005:
     260>>> Person.objects.filter(membership__date_joined__gt = datetime(2005, 1, 1),
     261... membership__group = rock)
     262[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     263
     264# Conceivably, queries through membership could return correct, but non-unique
     265# querysets.  To demonstrate this, we query for all people who have joined a
     266# group after 2004:
     267>>> Person.objects.filter(membership__date_joined__gt = datetime(2004, 1, 1))
     268[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     269
     270# Jim showed up twice, because he joined two groups ('Rock', and 'Roll'):
     271>>> [(m.person.name, m.group.name) for m in
     272... Membership.objects.filter(date_joined__gt = datetime(2004, 1, 1))]
     273[(u'Jim', u'Rock'), (u'Jane', u'Rock'), (u'Jim', u'Roll')]
     274
     275# QuerySet's distinct() method can correct this problem.
     276>>> Person.objects.filter(membership__date_joined__gt = datetime(2004, 1, 1)).distinct()
     277[<Person: Jim>, <Person: Jane>]
     278"""}
     279 No newline at end of file
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